Barcelona Fall Workshop on Number Theory II
Congruences for sporadic sequences and modular forms for non-congruence subgroups
Presenters
Matija Kazalicki (Zagreb)
Abstract
In 1979, in the course of the proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(2)$ Ap\'ery introduced numbers $b_n = \sum_{k=0}^n {n \choose k}^2{n+k \choose k}$ that are, surprisingly, integral solutions of recursive relations $$(n+1)^2 u_{n+1} - (11n^2+11n+3)u_n-n^2u_{n-1} = 0.$$ Zagier performed a computer search on first 100 million triples $(A,B,C)\in \mathbb{Z}^3$ and found that the recursive relation generalizing $b_n$ $$(n+1)u_{n+1} - (An^2+An+B)u_n + C n ^2 u_{n-1}=0,$$ with the initial conditions $u_{-1}=0$ and $u_0=1$ has (non-degenerate i.e. $C(A^2-4C)\ne 0$) integral solution for only six more triples (whose solutions are so called sporadic sequences) . Stienstra and Beukers showed that the for prime $p\ge 5$ \begin{equation*} b_{(p-1)/2} \equiv \begin{cases} 4a^2-2p \pmod{p} \textrm{ if } p = a^2+b^2,\textrm{ a odd}\\ 0 \pmod{p} \textrm{ if } p\equiv 3 \pmod{4}.\end{cases} \end{equation*} Recently, Osburn and Straub proved similar congruences for all but one of the six Zagier's sporadic sequences (three cases were already known to be true by the work of Stienstra and Beukers) and conjectured the congruence for the sixth sequence (which is a solution of recursion determined by triple $(17,6,72)$. In this talk we prove that remaining congruence by studying Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer congruences between Fourier coefficients of certain cusp form for non-congurence subgroup.
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